Casting & Finishing

108061 Design and fabrication of automated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition system for the deposition of ultra thin high-k dielectric films.
Philip, A; Issac, J; Rajeev Kumar, K [J of Instrument Society of India, v 40, n 4, Dec 2010, Starting Page 311, Pages 4] The implementation of high-k gate dielectrics is one of the strategies developed to allow further miniaturization of microelectronic components, colloquially referred to as extending Moore’s law. The present paper describes the design and fabrication of a Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (PEALD) system for the deposition of nano thin dielectric films for high-k applications and explains the challenging features of atomic layer deposition technique.(9 refs, 4 figs, 1 tabl) (AA)

108062 Geometric modelling library and associated development services.
[Industrial Products Finder, v 39, n 11, Aug 2011, Starting Page 279, Pages 1] Describes a new library of geometric modeling functionality for application builders from Renishaw. The library provides application developers with the reassurance that complex geometry manipulation is in the hands of tried-and-tested functions, leaving them to focus on their own value adding application development. (3 figs) (SS)

108064 Effect of modulation frequency on channel conductance of buried gate MESFET.
Jaya, T; Kannan, V [J of Instrument Society of India, v 40, n 4, Dec 2010, Starting Page 278, Pages 3] To analysis the analysis of modulated frequency on channel conductance characteristics of an ion-implanted buried-gate. GaAs MESFET with front side illumination by solving continuity equation. When optical fiber with modulated frequency inserted on the device, channel conductance increases, the results indicate very good performance of the device compared to other devices like MESFET under back and front illumination having surface gate. (7 refs, 3 figs) (AA)

108065 Genetic approach to design decentralized PID controllers for multi-variable processes.
Lengare, MJ; Chile, RH; Waghmare, LM [J of Instrument Society of India, v 41, n 2, Jun 2011, Starting Page 93, Pages 5] A simple and effective design methodology of decentralized PID controllers is presented. Initially the system is decoupled using decoupler matrix and the first-order-plusdelay- time (FOPDT) model of each subsystems is obtained. A genetic approach is applied to obtain the parameters of the decentralized PID controller. The proposed method is compared with existing method and found suitable for most of the applications. The two simulation examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. (15 refs, 2 figs) (AA)

108066 Getting the right stepmotor for your medical device.
[Machine Design, v 83, n 3, 17 Feb 2011, Starting Page 42, Pages 3] Describes some of the factors to be considered by engineers when selecting a step motor for a medical device. Pin point accuracy smooth and quiet operation, small size, the three important characteristics often depend on the processes and quality used in manufacturing and assembling the step motors. (6 figs) (SS) 108067 Microcontroller-based temperature controller/ programmer for thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry. Atre, SK; Sona, S; Bodhe, GL; Muthal, PL; Moharil, SV [J of Instrument Society of India, v 40, n 4, Dec 2010, Starting Page 270, Pages 4] The paper describes a microcontroller-based temperature controller/programmer for thermo luminescence (TL) dosimetry comprising an 8-bit RISC microcontroller with integrated ADC and PWM support. A high current DC switching circuit, signal conditioning circuit and a high current transformer based DC power supply are they only other components required to implement the system. This system has programmable temperature-time profile so that it can be used to heat the sample under test at different linear heating rates. Software is developed in C-language. The system designed is simple and cost effective. (7 refs, 5 figs) (AA)

Sheet Metal Working

108068 Sheet metal forming with the aid of flexible punch, numerical approach and experimental validation.
Ramezani, M; Ripin, ZM; Ahmad, R [CIRP J of Manufacturing and Technology, v 3, n 3, 2010, Starting Page 196, Pages 8] Describes the rubber pad forming experiments carried our for stamping of aluminium blanks. The effect of rubber type and stamping velocity on the processes described. A non linear finite element analysis is applied to investigate the process and deformation mechanism during rubber pad forming. Stress and strain distributions in the work piece, die and flexible punch are analysed. (13 refs 16 figs) (SS)

Green Manufacturing

108069 Approach to develop instrument for finding status of green manufacturing in Vidharbha region, India.
Rehman, MAA; Shrivastava, RL [Industrial Engg J, v 2, n 26, Aug 2011, Starting Page 24, Pages 7] Green manufacturing GM is the process of manufacturing that minimizes waste and pollution. It shows the deletion of natural resources as well as lowering the extensive amounts of trash that enter landfills. Its emphasis is on reducing parts, rationalizing materials and reusing components, to help make products more efficient to build. A survey was undertaken to determine the extent of awareness and implementation of FM practices within various manufacturing industries in the Vidharba region of Maharashtra, India. In this paper an approach is made to develop an instrument to find status of awareness and implementation of Green manufacturing in this region. (62 refs, 7 figs) (AA)

Industrial Engineering

108070 Design and development of production module of an ERP system for a small scale industry.
Patil, S; Mishrikoti, AH [Industrial Engg J, v 2, n 26, Aug 2011, Starting Page 18, Pages 6] Presents the design and development work for production module of an ERP system developed for Malati Founders Pvt. Ltd. (MFPL), a small scale company in Kolhapur. It elaborates system details and the considerations given during design and development stage like authority and security levels, alert messages etc. The paper attempts to draw attention towards the key benefits like operational advantages at affordable cost and simplicity in usage that can be offered to small enterprise which cannot afford standard ERP packages. (3 refs, figs) (AA)

108071 Lean manufacturing.
Kumar, P; Kolhe, KP; Datta, CK [J of Instn of Dutta, NC [Industrial Engg J, v 2, n 26, Aug 2011, Starting Page 9, Pages 5] Discusses about the emergence and growth of the concept of lean production and the steps involved in the successful implementation. Also explains some of the lean tools. (7 refs, figs) (SS)
(2 figs, 2 tabls) (SS)

108072 Solving scheduling problem by synergy of heuristics.
Sambandam, N; Maniyam, P [Industrial Engg J, v 2, n 26, Aug 2011, Starting Page 39, Pages 4] Addresses the problem of scheduling n jobs in m machines flow shop with objective of minimising the sum of weighted tardiness cost and weighted flow time cost. An efficient SM heuristic has been proposed. It is the synergy of two known heuristic methods. An extensive computation performance analysis of the proposed and existing heuristic has revealed that the proposed heuristic yields solutions superior to those by the existing heuristics. (16 refs, 1 figs, 3 tabls) (AA)

Joining & Assembly

108073 Comparison of image enhancement techniques for radiographic weld images.
Chitra, P; Sheela Rani, B; Venkatraman, B; Raj, B; Preethi, R [J of Instrument Society of India, v 41, n 2, Jun 2011, Starting Page 112, Pages 3] Radiography is one of the oldest NDT technique used to find the volumetric defects in welding. This paper deals with the technique to enhance radiographic weld images and results are compared based on the performance measure. Image enhancement is to bring out details of the image that is obscured or to highlight features of interest in the image. The enhancement techniques dealt with are Histogram Equalisation and Intensity Enhancement. (9 refs, 3 figs, 1 tabl) (AA)

Machine Elements & Mechanisms

108074 Comparative study on the spindle system equipped with synchronous and induction servo motors for heavy duty milling with highly stable torque control.
Wang, Z; Soshi, M; Yamazaki, K [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 369, Pages 4] The goal of the paper is to study why the hybrid actuation spindle has more preferable characteristics that the spindle equipped only with an induction motor for high performance cutting. It especially focuses on the dynamic behavior of the rotational speed of the spindle and its output torque during machining under the actuation by the induction servo motor and synchronous servo motor. The study approach consists of the following three steps: (1) derivation of theoretical model of the electric motor drive equipped spindle with the control system; (2) simulation study of the spindle dynamics under torque disturbance; (3) comparative experiments to verify the simulation results. (8 refs, 10 figs, 1 tabl) (SS)

108075 Control design and experimental validation of an adaptive spindle support for enhanced cutting processes.
Neugebauer, R; Drossel, WC; Bucht, A; Kranz, B; Pagel, K [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 373, Pages 4] Presents an adaptive spindle support that can be used for additional fine positioning movements during machining operations. It is a piezo-based drive design that is application for precision positioning in quasistatic and dynamic operations. A finite element model is presented to evaluate the mechanical design and to estimate the performance of the adaptive spindle support. It is validated by measuring the frequency response function between the actuators and the displacement of sensors at the spindle. Based on the transfer behaviour; a decoupling network developed offers the possibility to design independent PID position controllers for every Cartesian axis. (7 refs, 8 figs) (SS)

108076 Correlation between feed velocity and preloading in ball screw drives.
Verl, A; Frey, S [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 429, Pages 4] Presents details of experimental measurements to show the linear correlation existing between feed velocity and the effective preloading in ball screws. Increasing the rotational velocity leads to a gain of the inner forces. The correlation between rotational speed and friction produced by a ball screw can be transferred onto the effective pretension within a ball screw nut, thus allowing for a new approach when calculating the life expectancy for a feed drive. (12 refs, 6 figs, 2 tabls) (SS)

108077 How clean are your gears?
[Machine Design, v 83, n 3, 17 Feb 2011, Starting Page 50, Pages 2] Diligence throughout the gar manufacturing process presents aesthetics and surface integrity. Adding a media-blasting step immediately after heat treating, using cleaner heat treating process like vacuum heat treating and addressing surface issues early in processing to avoid costly network are some of the important issues that gear manufacturers should give attention. (2 figs) (SS)

108078 Modelling of angular contact ball bearings and axial displacements for high-speed spindles.
edrzejewski, J; Kwasny, W [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 377, Pages 6] Presents a model of angular contact ball bearing behaviour in high speed spindle units for simulating and improving their thermal behaviour. The modeling of the internal loads in the spindle angular bearing depends on the accuracy of cage and ball rotations, raceway and ball diameters which influence determination of internal loads, friction moment, deformation, stiffness, etc. The model is used for forecasting the moving sleeve position and thus the location of the rear spindle support and the location of its tip. (14 refs, 9 figs) (SS) J

Machine Tool Accessories

108081 SNL housings from SKF for increased conveyor reliability.
[Industrial Products Finder, v 39, n 11, Aug 2011, Starting Page 276, Pages 2] Describes the SNL bearing housings developed by SKF to meet maximum performance, reliability and durability for sealed and open spherical roller bearings and CARB toroidal roller bearings. The housings are designed on a building block principle that allows for a wider selection of bearings and seals as well as an assortment of mounting and lubrication systems. (3 figs) (SS)

Machine Tools

108082 Calibration method of redundantly actuated parallel mechanism machines based on projection technique.
Jeon, D; Kim, K; Jeong, JI; Kim, J [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 413, Pages 4] Briefly reviews about redundantly actuated parallel mechanism machines (RA{MM). A new calibration method using projection technique is established for finding the accurate kinematic parameters by applying the relationship of the joint valves to the end effector pose. Presents the cases of a two d.o.f. mechanism with 3 actuators and a three d.o.f. planar mechanism with actuators for validating he calibration procedure. (11 refs, 8 figs, 2 tabls) (SS)

108083 Integration of a high power laser source with a CNC workstation.
Sanikommu, N; Shanmugarajan, B; Joshi, AS [J of Instrument Society of India, v 40, n 4, Dec 2010, Starting Page 254, Pages 2] Describes how a CO2, slab laser source and a MIG welding machine have been integrated with a 4 axes CNC workstation. (4 refs, 2 figs) (AA)

108084 Precision machine tool X-Y stage utilizing a planar air bearing arrangement.
Erkorkmaz, K; Gorniak, JM; Gordon, DJ [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 425, Pages 4] Investigates a new and versatile X-Y stage concept for precision machine tools. The design combines a T-type gantry configuration with a planar worktable, supported on a vacuum preloaded air bearing and a secondary linear motors to achieve active stiffness and damping enhancement. The stage built using off-the-shelf components can be used in both micro / meso-scale machining applications and precision machine tools for small to medium sized parts. The paper describes the design, characterization and control of the stage. (8 refs, 8 figs, 2 tabls) (SS)

108085 Stiffness of 5-axis machines with serial, parallel and hybrid kinematics: Evaluation and comparison.
Shenor, Y; Portman, VT [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 409, Pages 4] Collinear stiffness value (CSV) is a physical criterion directly associated with stiffness properties of the machine and establishing justified limits of minimal CSV guaranties a safety barrier to the singular configurations and near by areas. In this paper, minimum CSV is applied for stiffness evaluation of machine tools with different kinematic types. The dimensionless criterion presenting the ratio of the natural CSV to the stiffness value of a single drive is proposed. Examples of application of the method are presented for simulating the stiffness features of machines with different types of kinematics. (13 refs, 6 figs) (SS)

Machining

108086 Controller design for high-frequency cutting using a piezo-driven microstage.
Ting, Y; Li, CC; Lin, CM [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 455, Pages 9] A high frequency nano-scale cutting system is developed for an exemplary application of microstructured surfaces dimple machining. Describes the design of a feed forward controller and feedback controller design. The feed forward controller is designed based on a hysteresis dynamic model while the position feed back controller is designed based upon an exponentially weighted moving average method embedded in an internal model control structure. The surfaces dimple micro machining utilizes piezoelectric driven microstage for high speed cutting. The performance of the proposed feed forward and feed back controllers in overcoming the negative factors is verified. (21 refs, 19 figs, 2 tabls) (SS)

108087 Drilling of composites and resulting surface integrity.
Pawade, RS; Joshi, SS; Sonawane, HA; Bhopale, Brinksmeier, E; Fangmann, S; Rentsch, R [CIRP Annals, v 60, n 1, 2011, Starting Page 57, Pages 4] Focus is on assessing the effect of conventional drilling and orbital drilling on the bore hole surface layer in carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) and aluminium/CFRP/titanium composites regarding thermal and mechanical damages. Investigation involved comparison of the influence of different process parameters on the surface integrity of the borehole. Thermocouples, a pyrometer and an infrared camera have been applied to measure in-process cutting temperatures. Orbital drilling leads to lower process temperatures and lower feed forces in all three materials. (13 refs 8 figs) (SS)

108088 Drilling of long fiber reinforced thermoplastics - Influence of the cutting edge on the machining results.

Measurement & Testing

108097 Buckling analysis with FEA.
[Machine Design, v 83, n 3, 17 Feb 2011, Starting Page 36, Pages 5] Linear finite element analysis does not provide enough information about buckling to make correct design decisions, especially when designing light weight components. The problems of buckling analysis with FES are in the context of two other failure modes: excessive displacement and yielding. The article illustrates with examples the importance of non linear buckling analysis accounting both for geometry non linearity and for non linear model. (7 figs) (SS)

108098 Design methodology of pressure swirl atomizer, spray characterization and drop diameter evaluation using scanning electron microscope for micro gas turbine engine.
Kulshreshtha, DB; Dikshit, SB; Channiwala, SA [J of Instn of Engrs, India, ME, v 92,18 Jul 2011, Starting Page 20, Pages 5] Describes the design methodology for pressure swirl atomizer for tabular type combustion chamber for micro gas turbine engine the spray characteristics at different injection pressure. The drop diameters are measured using mechanical drop collection method and scanning electron microscope (SEM). (25 refs, 5 figs, 2 tabls) (AA)

108099 Development of a parametric model and virtual machine to estimate task specific measurement uncertainty for a five-axis multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine.
Ramu, P; Yague, JA; Hocken, RJ; Miller, J [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 431, Pages 9] A parametric model of a five-axis multi sensor coordinate measuring machine is described. Strategies to evaluate and compensate for the geometric errors in the model are described. A simulation routine is presented to estimate task specific uncertainty. The task specific uncertainty is estimated based on the residuals thus enabling an user to choose between possible measurement strategies. Details of evaluation of parametric errors associated with the linear and rotary stages and the error correction and effectiveness evaluation of the error correction algorithm are presented. (26 refs, 5 figs, 6 tabls) (SS)

108100 Development of high-precision microcoordinate measuring machine: Multi-probe measurement system for measuring yaw and straightness motion error of XY linear stage.
Yang, P; Takamura, T; Takahashi, S; Takamasu, K; Sato, O; Osawa, S; Takatsuji, T [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 424, Pages 7] Describes a multi probe measurement method that has been devised to calibrate the motion errors of a micro coordinate measuring machine (M-CMM). The M-CMM has been developed earlier by the authors developed to achieve a measurement uncertainty of 50 nanometers in a measuring volume of 30mm x 30mm x 10mm. The paper presents the M-CMM configuration comprising a cross xy-axis, a z-axis and a probe unit. Explains the application of the multiprobe method for calibration of yaw and straightness motion error and the evaluation of the multiprobe method by computer simulations. (16 refs, 16 figs, 3 tabls) (SS)

108101 Effective stylus diameter determination using near zero-width reference.
Miller, J; Dutta, S; Mrose, E; Yague-Fabra, J [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 500, Pages 5] A reference gage has been built to facilitate the measurement of the effective diameter of a stylus used for probing CMM. The gage has been built in such a way that it is insensitive to the temperature of the gage and also minimizes the uncertainty due to positioning errors of the CMM. Presents a gauging technique using a near zero width reference object for low uncertainty determination of the effective diameter of a tactile proving system’s stylus. Describes the theory of measurement of diameter of the stylus which includes the triggering offset and repeatability error and the Hertzian contact deformation. (30 refs, 5 figs) (SS)

108102 Lifting position sensors to new heights.
[Machine Design, v 83, n 3, 17 Feb 2011, Starting Page 46, Pages 4] Monitoring the absolute position of side-facing fork helps to keep forklifts on the narrow path. The RSM2800 series of multi-turn angle sensors capture the position and turn counts without power or batteries. (4 figs) (SS)

108103 On-line measurement of contact pressure distribution at tool-workpiece interfaces in manufacturing operations.
Gao, RX; Sah, S; Mahayotsanun, N [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 399, Pages 4] Deals with the evaluation contact pressure distribution (CPD) map from boundary conditions obtained from the sensor measurements using the thin plate splines (TPS) method. The TPS method constructs an interpolating 3D estimate of a spatially varying quantity from a set of boundary conditions or control points. The mathematical background of TPS technique is presented and demonstrated and experimentally evaluated. The method is used for determining CPD between tool and work piece in sheet metal forming, using sensors that are embedded beneath the tooling surfaces. (7 refs, 6 figs, 1 tabl) (SS)

108104 Optical fiber based non contact displacement sensor for surface profiling.
Shenvi, NM; Kulkarni, NM; Shaligram, AD [J of Instrument Society of India, v 40, n 4, Dec 2010, Starting Page 252, Pages 2] This paper describes a optical fiber based displacement sensor (1 to 5 mm) for profiling a machined surface with a resolution of 0.0025 mm compatible with the dial indicator. It works on principle of reflected light from the concerned surface. The signal to noise is increased by introducing two low pass filters and a twin T notch filter (50Hz). The life of the instrument is an order of magnitude higher than that of a dial indictor with lower price. (4 refs, 4 figs) (AA)

108105 Prediction and compensation of motion accuracy in a linear motion bearing table.
Khim, G; Park, CH; Shamoto, E; Kim, SW [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 393, Pages 7] A corrective machining algorithm for improving the motion accuracy of linear motion bearing tables is introduced and verified. The variation of the bearing force during the linear motion bearing feed is calculated by the Hertz contact theory and the relationship between the bearing force and the rail form error is expressed as a transfer function in the spatial frequency domain. An analytical model simulates the motion errors. A reverse analysis formulated estimates the rail profile from the measured linear and angular motion errors. The proposed algorithm is verified by a practical application in improving the motion errors of an XY table with linear motion bearings. (7 refs, 15 figs, 2 tabls) (SS)

108106 Process monitoring with sensory machine tool components.
Mohring, HA; Litwinski, KM; Gummer, O [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 383, Pages 4] Describes the combined application of sensory fixture and the adaptronic spindle for process monitoring. The fixture is sensitive with respect to the behaviour of the work piece; the adaptronic spindle measures the reactions of the tool and spindle directly. A comparison of the values allows system self-calibration. The sensor fusion with a Kalman filter, mutual system calibration by colliding the tool of the active spindle against the work piece, in process calibration and identification of process forces are described. Observation of work piece deflections during the process are described. (21 refs, 7 figs) (SS)

108107 Reliable method of minimum zone evaluation of cylindricity and conicity from coordinate measurement data.
Zhang, X; Jiang, X; Scott, PJ [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 484, Pages 6] Presents a two stage method fro evaluation of cylindricity and conicity errors. The method called a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) differential evolution (DE) algorithm shows great superiority on stability and accuracy, can hold a fast convergence rate, while effectively avoiding local minima. The PSO program possess an advantage of fast convergence but has tendency of premature convergence because of the possibility of overwhelming. DE can maintain a greater diversity in the population and the individuals can travel more amply within the variable space thus overcoming the local minimum problem. (31 refs, 4 figs, 3 tabls) (SS)

108108 Design of a modular feeder for optimal operating performance.
Reinhart, G; Loy, M [CIRP J of Manufacturing and Technology, v 3, n 3, 2010, Starting Page 191, Pages 5] Presents the design of a modular feeding system based on vibratory bowl feeder (VBF) consisting of a conventional vibratory bowl feeder and a ring system, excited by a separate drive. This drive consists of electromagnets and leaf springs. The VBF stores, conveys and separates the parts from the bulk. Presents a method to ensure an optimal operational behaviour of the modular feeder at line frequency by adjusting the masses and inertias during the systems development phase. The method is based on a structural mechanical model of the modular feeder. (13 refs, 7 figs) (SS)

108109 Maintenance strategy selection for defence vehicles transmission system using fuzzy approach.
Dutta, MS; Dinesh Kumar; Pradeep Kumar [Industrial Engg J, v 2, n 27, Sep 2011, Starting Page 25, Pages 5] The paper presents the design and development of an intelligent decision support module for selecting the optimum maintenance strategies. The selection criteria have been carried out using fuzzy logic technique. The results will be useful for the maintenance engineer and technician in finding the unreliability of various subassemblies, formulation of maintenance priorities and selection of an optimal maintenance strategy. (16 refs, 10 figs, 3 tabls) (AA)

Nanotechnology & MEMS

108110 Augmented sliding-mode control of an ultraprecision positioning system.
Lee, WR; Lee, JH; You, KH [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 521, Pages 4] A nanometric scale positioning system is vulnerable to parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. To solve these problems, an augmented control algorithm consisting of a linear quadratic optimal control and variable structure control is used. This paper describes the system modeling used for the ultraprecision positioning system. The linear quadratic regulator is also derived. The robust performance of the proposed algorithm is described through comparison with linear quadric optimal control. (6 refs, 4 figs) (SS)

108111 Efficient nanodevice modeling in multilayered parallel back propagation networks.
Das, SC [J of Instrument Society of India, v 41, n 2, Jun 2011, Starting Page 127, Pages 3] In the present work, parallel back propagation artificial networks are employed to optimize and predict the various system parameters of a semiconductor nanodevice. Segregation of the total training range can be obtained by employing parallel back propagation networks operating in different ranges, thereby reducing, significantly, the total training duration. For numerical calculations, electron temperature model has been utilized and relevant scattering mechanisms are incorporated in the calculations. The present model yields a better prediction of system parameters and can be utilized in future nanodevice fabrication. (6 refs, figs, 2 tabls) (AA)

108112 Integrated and compact device for micro assembly exploiting electrostatic sorting and capillary grasping.
Porta, M; Fantoni, G; Lambert, P [CIRP J of Manufacturing and Technology, v 3, n 3, 2010, Starting Page 185, Pages 6] The main strategies and devices developed for sorting micro parts are described with focus on electrostatic sorters and capillary grasping. Proposes an integrated and compact device. The device sorts, positions, grasps and released components and then able to exploit the main typical handling issues required by the assembly of hybrid micro products. The proposed device is also capable of tackling the issue of multiple grasping of micro objects. (39 refs, 8 figs, 5 tabls) (SS)

108113 Microscale patterning of single crystal diamond by thermochemical reaction between siderometal and diamond.
Morofushi, Y; Matsushita, H; Miki, N [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 490, Pages 6] Microscale patterning of single crystal diamond by using thermochemical reaction with sidero-metals using both direct and indirect processes is proposed. Explains the theory behind the diffusion of carbon from diamond into the sidero metal, oxidation-reduction, reaction between diamond and the metal combustion of diamond and carbide formation causing the thermo chemical reaction between diamond and siderometal at high temperatures. Etching mechanisms are experimentally elucidated in air an nitrogen atmospheres. (18 refs, 7 figs) (SS)

108114 Processing of hollow micro-and nanostructures using the hydrophilic nature of MgO.
Zolotaryov, A; Bachmann, J; Montero-Morena, JM; Pitzachel, K; Nielsch, K [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 496, Pages 4] Proposes a new method to steam out micro and nano structures using a coating of water saturated MgO with an alumina film and post processing annealing. Atomic layer deposition is made use of to grow the Al203 film on the MgO surface. The generating of the approach is demonstrated by applying it to flat and nano patterned surfaces and isolated 3D nano structures. (12 refs, 3 figs) (SS)

108115 Fracture fabrication of precision single-crystal silicon surfaces for MEMS devices.
Sprunt, A; Slocum, A; Lang, JH [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 406, Pages 10] Describes the development of processes for creating complementary and smooth surfaces by fracturing single crystal silicon. The fracture fabrication of smooth and complementary surfaces, the series of devices created to study the effects of specimen orientation, notching, thickness and loading on fracture surface morphology are studied. Anisotropically etched notches were found to be most effective while thinner specimens resulted in smoother fracture surfaces. (31 refs, 17 figs) (SS)

Precision Engineering

108116 Robust chatter stability in micro-milling operations.
Park, SS; Rahnama, R [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 391, Pages 4] The objective of this study is to consider the uncertainties and changes in the dynamics and cutting coefficients in determination of chatter-free conditions in micro-milling operation through the robust stability method. The robust chatter stability method utilizes the edge theorem and the zero exclusion principle for taking into account changing parameters within a specific range. Process damping is also considered in the stability. The dynamics at the tool tip are acquired indirectly by utilizing the receptance coupling method, where the spindle dynamics and an arbitrary tool’s dynamics are mathematically coupled. Experimental chatter tests are performed using aluminium (a1) 7075 to verify the method. (16 refs, 6 figs) (SS)

108117 Tip radius effect of AFM probe on K4Nb6O173H2O nanosheets groove machining accuracy.
Demura, K; Hirose, S; Thara, T [Precision Engg, v 35, n 3, Jul 2011, Starting Page 400, Pages 6] Presents a technique for the mechanical removal processing of potassium niobate nano sheets using an atomic force microscope. Controlled processing in the surface direction of a nanosheet is performed to achieve high precision groove machining of bilayer nanosheets. The paper also looks at machining anisotropy and machining velocity for a conventional silicon probe and types of materials for AFM probes. The processing technique utilizes contact mode and lateral force microscope (LFM) mode. Contact mode is used to observe the surface and perform groove machining. LFM mode is used to measure the machining force. The effect of tip radius for the AFM probe on groove machining accuracy is studied by evaluating the groove machining accuracy an the frictional coefficient. (12 refs, 8 figs, 2 tabls) (SS)

Quality Management

108118 Performance improvement vis a vis TQM efforts in an organization.
Rashmi Shahu; Gole, SV; Agashe, AA [Industrial Engg J, v 2, n 26, Aug 2011, Starting Page 6, Pages 3] Reveals the present status of TQM in manufacturing industry and will show how it can bring performance improvement. Identifies the performance parameters which can effect quality improvement and relates the quality improvement practices to actual quality cost, operating performance and financial performance. This will guide the different organization to support the quality improvement practice in future. (7 refs, figs) (AA)

Robotics

108119 Assessment of operator stress induced by robot collaboration in assembly.
Arai,T; kato, R; Fujita, M [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 5, Pages 4] Assesses a human operator’s mental strain as a result of stress from human-robot collaboration, and proposes the design criterions on human-robot collaboration from this assessment. The relationship between mental stress and mental strain is discuss and mental strain is measured by experiments. Safety and collaboration are discussed. (9 refs, 7 figs, 1 tabl) (SS)

108120 New cell production assembly system with human-robot cooperation.
Morioka,M; Sakakibara, S [CIRP Annals, v 59, n 1, 2010, Starting Page 9, Pages 4] Presents the design of a new cell production system in which robots and human operators take on those tasks that are best suited to their particular characteristics. The new system has three subsystems: (a) a parts feeding station (b) an assembly station and (c) safety management technology. The performance of the developed system is evaluated. (9 refs, 7 figs) (SS)